Transportation in Animals and Plants
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POINTS TO REMEMBER
• In human beings, the circulatory system, Humancomprising the heart and blood vessels, is responsible for the circulation of blood, around the body.
• Blood is a fluid, its components are the plasma, red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes, white blood cells (WBCs) or
leucocytes and platelets or thrombocytes. • RBCs contain a protein called haemoglobin, which helps to transport oxygen, WBCs defend the body against infections. Platelets help in the clotting of the blooThe human
• the heart is muscular and is involved in the pumping of blood in blood vessels and maintaining blood circulation.
• Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood and veins carry CO2 rich blood.
• The process of removing waste from the body is called excretion.
• Excretion in humans is performed by two kidneys which filter out urea from blood in the form of urine.
• In plants, stem carries water and minerals from the root to the leaves.
• Transport of water takes place through tube-like cells called xylem.
• Transport of food takes place through tubular cells called phloem.
• Water is used for life activities within the plant body.
• Transpiration is the process by which a plant loses water through the stomata. Stomata are present mostly on the lower surface of leaves.
• Transpiration causes a pull force in the leaves this pulls the water up into the leaves. This called transpiration pull.
• Xylem and phloem form vascular tissues of the plants. They help in the conduction of food and water in plants.
Transportation in Animals and Plants
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Blood cells that protect the body from diseases are:
(a) platelets
(b) RBCs
(c) WBCs
(d) skin cells
2. In plants, water is transported through:
(a) Xylem
(b) Phloem
(c) Stomata
(d) Root hair
3. What prevents the backflow of blood inside the heart during contraction?
(a) thick muscular walls of ventricles
(b) valves
(c) thin walls of atria
(d) all of the above
4. Which vein brings clean blood from the lungs into the heart?
(a) renal vein
(b) pulmonary vein
(c) vena cava
(d) hepatic vein
5. Which does blood vessels not carry any carbon dioxide?
(a) pulmonary artery
(b) vena cava
(c) hepatic vein
(d) pulmonary vein
6. Coagulation of blood in a cut or wound is brought about by:
(a) plasma
(b) platelets
(c) WBCs
(d) RBCs
7. The exchange of various materials between the blood and the body cells take place through:
(a) arteries
(b) veins
(c) lungs
(d) capillaries
8. The filtering unit in the human the excretory system is called:
(a) nephron
(b) neuron
(c) nephridia
(d) kidney
Answers: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d)
Transportation in Animals and Plants
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
(a) Haemoglobin is———– in colour and present———– in cells.
(b) The rhythmic contraction and expansion of the heart are called————-.
(c) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of————.
(d) The main excretory product in human beings is————-.
Very Short Answer Type Questions.
1. Write the constituents of the human circulating system.
2. What percent of blood is made up of liquid?
3. What is the function of platelets in the blood?
4. Which blood cells fight against the germs that may enter our body?
5. Which blood cells carry oxygen in the body?
6. What is the function of haemoglobin present in RBCs?
7. Which side of the heart (left or right) has:
(a) CO2 rich blood.
(b) Oxygen-rich blood.
8. Name the tissue in a plant which carries:
(a) Water and minerals from roots to the leaves.
(b) Food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.
Answers:
Very Short Answer Type Questions.
1. The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels and the heart.
2. About 55% of our blood is a liquid and about 45% is made up of cells.
3. Platelets help in the clotting of blood in a cut or wound. When a cut or wound starts bleeding, then platelets clot the blood (make the blood semi-solid) due to which further bleeding stops.
4. White blood cells protect the body from disease-causing organisms and fight infections.
5. RBCs ( Red blood cells) carry oxygen in the body
6. The chief function of RBCs is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. For this function, red blood cells contain the pigment haemoglobin, which combines with oxygen to give oxyhaemoglobin: Haemoglobin + Oxygen Oxyhaemoglobin
7. (a)Right side of the heart CO2 rich blood.
(b) the left side of the heart Oxygen-rich blood.
8. (i) The vascular tissue called ‘xylem’ carries water and minerals dissolved in it from the roots upwards through the stem and branches up to the leaves.
(ii) The vascular tissue called phloem carries the food from the leaves to all other parts of the plant including roots.
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